Duolingo · B2C · language learning app
Give subscribers unlimited hearts so mistakes never stop their lessons
Big turning point: raised subscription conversion and retention
What they did
What happened
In their words
Why Your Free Users Are Your Real Growth Engine – Cem Kansu, Duolingo CPO
Cem KansuAnd you can do that by doing practice lessons or you can do that by watching ads. Or at the time we said you can renew your hearts with an in-app purchase.
Cem KansuWe decided to integrate the hearts mechanic with our subscription and said, "Hey, if you subscribe, you actually get unlimited hearts." That was a big turning point because turns out a lot of users don't want to practice old content. They just want to do new content.
Cem KansuEven though practice is good for your learning, we said, "Okay, if you would like, you can choose your optionality if you subscribe." That was a good turning point because it made the feature set of Plus, Duolingo Plus at the time, way more integrated and way more useful.
Cem KansuBut at the time we said, "If you would like to do very custom practice on the things you've learned on Duolingo, here's an extra place where that's served to you as an inventory. So you can go back and practice anything you'd like in whatever order you like rather than the order we prescribe."
Cem KansuAnyway, this is a very long-winded way to say feature improvements that expanded the feature set of Duolingo Plus was naturally a win on two fronts, both conversion and retention of the subscription, which is great. We love that. And that gave us a lot of scale.
Cem KansuOther than that, honestly, it is rare to have put one silver bullet that improved things. For us, a lot of this has been continuous A/B testing improvement. I think we talked about the copy version as one thing, but imagine that happening across every bit and piece of our purchase flow.
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New tactics from the week's founder interviews, each linked to where it was said.
More from this episode
- Keep lessons free and sell learners' translations to news sitesSmall revenue; dropped by 2016 (price race and low translation quality)
- Charge $1-3 to fix a broken streakA good share of users paid; showed how much users value their streak
- Show one ad only after a lesson ends, and test it against retentionRetention mostly neutral, at most a slight hit, across ad tests
- Count ad complaints per million users and compare them to other complaintsMissing-course complaints were 3x ad complaints; ads launched
- Block gambling and sketchy ad types, even if it costs revenueAccepted lost ad revenue for better experience; no numbers
- Sell ads directly to brands and have app characters introduce themUsers like the format; slow to sell because it's custom
- Use the end-of-lesson ad slot to advertise your own paid planGuest says house ads beat programmatic ads; no numbers
- Run 3-6 month holdouts for changes whose effects show up lateNew push lifts can turn negative after about 6 weeks
- Sell a one-time ad-free month at $3, $5 or $10 to test demandUptake far above expectations; led to the subscription
- Launch a plan with no ads, offline use, and 'support our mission'About half of early buyers paid to support the app; started a run rate
- Offer a free trial even though the app is already freeOne of the biggest unlocks; guest had expected it to flop
- Tell users on the paywall you'll remind them on day 5 of a 7-day trialWon A/B tests by easing fear of subscription traps
- Change the buy button to say 'Try for $0.00'Beat 'Try for free' on both trial starts and trial-to-paid
- Make paid features free when a test shows they earn littleTook a small revenue hit on purpose to grow free users
- Add new subjects inside the main app instead of launching new appsSeparate apps were 'hard mode'; in-app works better, but many users still don't know
- Offer live human tutors on demand in a higher-priced planFailed: users joined, panicked and left; later replaced by AI video call
Tags: unlimited-lives, usage-limit, subscription-benefits, game-mechanics